Ahmadifar E., Shohreh P., Kalhor N., Shahriari Moghadam M., Yilmaz S., Mohammadzadeh S., Khajeh M., Abarghouei S. 2024. Assessing the impact of dietary polystyrene nanoplastics on growth performance, immunological parameters, and antioxidant defense in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(2), e13046 . DOI: 10.1111/jwas.13046
Aib H., Parvez M.S., Czédli H.M. 2025. Pharmaceuticals and Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: A Comprehensive Review of Pathways and Distribution, Toxicological and Ecological Effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22(5), 799. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph22050799
Almeida M., Martins M.A., Soares A.M., Cuesta A., Oliveira M. 2019. Polystyrene nanoplastics alter the cytotoxicity of human pharmaceuticals on marine fish cell lines. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 69, 57-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.019
Arfin T., Mohammad F., Yusof N.A. 2015. Applications of polystyrene and its role as a base in industrial chemistry. Polystyrene: synthesis, characteristics and applications. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 269-280
Assas M., Qiu X., Chen K., Ogawa H., Xu H., Shimasaki Y., Oshima Y. 2020. Bioaccumulation and reproductive effects of fluorescent microplastics in medaka fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin 158, 111446. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111446
Azarm-Karnagh S., Sattari M., Banaee M., Shirkavand Hadavand B., Falco F. 2025. Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Oxidative Stress, Blood Biochemistry, and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Toxics 13(5), 336. DOI: 10.3390/toxics13050336
Bojarski B., Witeska M., Kondera E. 2025. Blood Biochemical Biomarkers in Fish Toxicology—A Review. Animals 15(7), 965. DOI: 10.3390/ani15070965
Brandts I., Lima J., Garcia-Meilán I., Khansari A.R., Llorca M., Farré M., Tvarijonaviciute A., Balasch J.C., Teles M. 2025. Bioaccumulation and homeostatic alterations in trout exposed to a sublethal dose of polystyrene nanoplastics. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 100836. DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100836
Brandts I., Teles M., Gonçalves A., Barreto A., Franco-Martinez L., Tvarijonaviciute A., Martins M., Soares A., Tort L., Oliveira M. 2018. Effects of nanoplastics on Mytilus galloprovincialis after individual and combined exposure with carbamazepine. Science of the Total Environment 643, 775–784. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.257
Choi J.-H., Kim J.-H. 2023. Toxic effects of sub-acute microplastic (polyamide) exposure on the accumulation, hematological, and antioxidant responses in crucian carp, Carassius carassius. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 102, 104199. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104199
Cunha V., Rodrigues P., Santos M., Moradas-Ferreira P., Ferreira M. 2018. Fluoxetine modulates the transcription of genes involved in serotonin, dopamine and adrenergic signalling in zebrafish embryos. Chemosphere 191, 954-961. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.100
de Farias N.O., Oliveira R., Sousa-Moura D., de Oliveira R.C.S., Rodrigues M.A.C., Andrade T.S., Domingues I., Camargo N.S., Muehlmann L.A., Grisolia C.K. 2019. Exposure to low concentration of fluoxetine affects development, behaviour and acetylcholinesterase activity of zebrafish embryos. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 215, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.08.009
Di Rosso M.E., Palumbo, M.L., Genaro A.M. 2016. Immunomodulatory effects of fluoxetine: A new potential pharmacological action for a classic antidepressant drug?. Pharmacological Research 109, 101-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.021
Ding J., Huang Y., Liu S., Zhang S., Zou H., Wang Z., Zhu W., Geng J. 2020. Toxicological effects of nano-and micro-polystyrene plastics on red tilapia: are larger plastic particles more harmless? Journal of Hazardous Materials 396, 122693. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122693
Ding J., Zhang S., Razanajatovo R.M., Zou H., Zhu W. 2018. Accumulation, tissue distribution, and biochemical effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater fish red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Pollution 238, 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.001
Dorelle L.S., Da Cuna R.H., Sganga D.E., Vázquez G.R., Greco L.L., Nostro F.L.L. 2020. Fluoxetine exposure disrupts food intake and energy storage in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Cichliformes). Chemosphere 238, 124609. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124609
Feldman B.V., Zinkl J.G., Jain N.C., Schalm O.W. 2000. Schalm's veterinary hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins publication.
Gheorghe Ş., Pătraşcu A.-M., Stoica C., Balas M., Feodorov L. 2025. Ecotoxicological Effects of Polystyrene Particle Mix (20, 200, and 430 µm) on Cyprinus carpio. Toxics 13(4), 246. DOI: 10.3390/toxics13040246
Ghosh T. 2025. Microplastics bioaccumulation in fish: Its potential toxic effects on hematology, immune response, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, growth, and reproductive dysfunction. Toxicology Reports 14, 101854. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101854
Gobin V., Van Steendam K., Denys D., Deforce D. 2014. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a novel class of immunosuppressants. International Immunopharmacology 20(1), 148–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.030
Golbaz S., Zamanzadeh M., Yaghmaeian K., Nabizadeh R., Rastkari N., Esfahani H. 2023. Occurrence and removal of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the Tehran South Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30(10), 27041-27055. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23667-5
Guerrera M.C., Aragona M., Porcino C., Fazio F., Laurà R., Levanti M., Montalbano G., Germanà G., Abbate F., Germanà A. 2021. Micro and nano plastics distribution in fish as model organisms: histopathology, blood response and bioaccumulation in different organs. Applied Sciences 11(13), 5768. DOI: 10.3390/app11135768
Hamed M., Soliman H.A., Osman A.G., Sayed A.E.-D.H. 2019. Assessment the effect of exposure to microplastics in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) early juvenile: I. blood biomarkers. Chemosphere 228, 345-350. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.153
Ho B.T., Roberts T.K., Lucas S. 2018. An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach. Critical reviews in Biotechnology 38(2), 308-320. DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293
Hollerova A., Hodkovicova N., Blahova J., Faldyna M., Franc A., Pavlokova S., Tichy F., Postulkova E., Mares J., Medkova D. 2023. Polystyrene microparticles can affect the health status of freshwater fish–Threat of oral microplastics intake. Science of the Total Environment 858, 159976. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159976
Impellitteri F., Multisanti C.R., Rusanova P., Piccione G., Falco F., Faggio C. 2023. Exploring the impact of contaminants of emerging concern on fish and invertebrates physiology in the Mediterranean Sea. Biology 12(6), 767. DOI: 10.3390/biology12060767
Jovanović B. 2017. Ingestion of microplastics by fish and its potential consequences from a physical perspective. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 13(3), 510-515. DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1913
Karbalaei S., Hanachi P., Rafiee G., Seifori P. 2021. Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos. Journal of Hazardous Materials 403, 123980. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980.
Kendrick T. 2021. Strategies to reduce use of antidepressants. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 87(1), 23-33. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14475
Koelmans A.A., Besseling E., Shim W.J. 2015. Nanoplastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, 325-340. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_12
Li H., Liu H., Bi L., Liu Y., Jin L., Peng R. 2024. Immunotoxicity of microplastics in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 150, 109619. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109619
Lugert V., Steinhagen D., Reiser S. 2020. Lack of knowledge does not justify a lack of action: the case for animal welfare in farmed fish. Journal of Sustainable and Organic Agricultural Systems 70, 31-34. DOI: 10.3220/LBF1592499937000
Ma F., Wang W., Dong J., Zhou X., Lin Z., Zheng P., Nian X. 2025. Ecotoxicological impacts of polystyrene microplastics on rainbow trout: A multidisciplinary analysis of gut microbiota dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence for environmental risk assessment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 107323. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.107323
Major C., Poynton H., Urban-Rich J. 2025. Polystyrene acts as a vector for the pharmaceutical, gemfibrozil, to bay scallop larvae (Argopecten irradians). Marine Pollution Bulletin 220, 118416. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118416
Mehri A., Hedayati A.A., Mohamadi Azarm H., Jafar A., Abarghuei S. 2021. Study on hematological and biochemical indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in exposure to different concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastic. Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics 10(3), 97-106. (In Persian) DOI: 10.22069/japu.2021.18796.1574
Mirzaei Nashtoroudi M., Rezaei Tavabe K., Abed Elmdoust A., Rafiee G., Rahimian H., Shirkavand Hadavand B. 2023. Determining the effects of different levels of polystyrene nanoplastics on the expression of immune-related- genes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Sciences, 11(1), 105-113. (In Persian)
Mirzaei Nashtoroudi M., Afrand M., Rezaei Tavabe K., Abed-Elmdoust A., Rafiee G., Rahimian, H. 2025. Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induce Multi-Organ Toxicity in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss): An Integrated Assessment of Physiological, Immunological, and Molecular Responses. Social Science Research Network. (In press). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5214918
Mishra P., Gong Z., Kelly B.C. 2017. Assessing biological effects of fluoxetine in developing zebrafish embryos using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics. Chemosphere 188, 157-167. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.149
Montes-Grajales D., Fennix-Agudelo M., Miranda-Castro W. 2017. Occurrence of personal care products as emerging chemicals of concern in water resources: A review. Science of the Total Environment 595, 601-614. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.286
Nugnes R., Lavorgna M., Orlo E., Russo C., Isidori M. 2022. Toxic impact of polystyrene microplastic particles in freshwater organisms. Chemosphere 299, 134373. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134373
Orozco-Hernández J.M., Elizalde-Velázquez G.A., Gómez-Oliván L.M., Santamaría-González, G.O., Rosales-Pérez K.E., García-Medina S., Galar-Martínez M., San Juan-Reyes N. 2023. Acute exposure to fluoxetine leads to oxidative stress and hematological disorder in Danio rerio adults. Science of the Total Environment 905, 167391. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167391
Orozco-Hernández J.M., Gómez-Oliván L.M., Elizalde-Velázquez G.A., Heredia-García G., Cardoso-Vera J.D., Dublán-García O., Islas-Flores H., SanJuan-Reyes N., Galar-Martínez, M. 2022. Effects of oxidative stress induced by environmental relevant concentrations of fluoxetine on the embryonic development on Danio rerio. Science of the Total Environment 807, 151048. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151048
Osman A.G., AbouelFadl K.Y., Abd-El-Reheem A., Mahmoud U.M., Kloas W., Moustafa M.A. 2018. Blood biomarkers in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and African catfish Clarias gariepinus to evaluate water quality of the river Nile, 1-15. DOI: 10.5555/20183134201
Pan C., Yang M., Xu H., Xu B., Jiang L., Wu M. 2018. Tissue bioconcentration and effects of fluoxetine in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and red crucian cap (Carassius auratus) after short-term and long-term exposure. Chemosphere 205, 8-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.082
Pellegrino T.C., Bayer, B.M. 2002. Role of central 5-HT2 receptors in fluoxetine-induced decreases in T lymphocyte activity. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 16(2), 87-103. DOI: 10.1006/brbi.2001.0625
Puckowski A., Cwięk W., Mioduszewska K., Stepnowski P., Białk-Bielińska A. 2021. Sorption of pharmaceuticals on the surface of microplastics. Chemosphere 263, 127976. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127976
Qiao R., Mortimer M., Richter J., Rani-Borges B., Yu Z., Heinlaan M., Lin S., Ivask A. 2022. Hazard of polystyrene micro-and nanospheres to selected aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Science of the Total Environment 853, 158560. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158560
Rashid E., Hussain S.M., Ali S., Kucharczyk D., Nowosad J., Al-Ghanim K.A. 2025. Polystyrene microplastics exposure in freshwater fish, Labeo rohita: evaluation of physiology and histopathology. Scientific Reports 15(1), 12888. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95811-3
Rashid E., Hussain S.M., Sarker P.K., Ali S., Paray B.A. 2024. Assessment of polystyrene microplastics as dietary additives in aquaculture species, Catla catla: Alters growth, feed utilization, nutritional composition, hematology and gut histopathology. Aquaculture Reports 36, 102100. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102100
Rezaeipour A., Kazempoor R., Mortazavi P., Ghorbanzadeh A. 2024. Histopathological alterations in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) under acute fluoxetine exposure. International Journal of Veterinary Research 4(2), 21-33. DOI: 10.22034/4.2.21
Saemi-Komsari M., Pashaei R., Abbasi S., Esmaeili H.R., Dzingelevičienė R., Hadavand B.S., Kalako M.P., Szultka-Mlynska M., Gadzała-Kopciuch R., Buszewski,B. 2023. Accumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and triclosan by a model tooth-carp fish, Aphaniops hormuzensis (Teleostei: Aphaniidae). Environmental Pollution 333, 121997. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121997
Santos L.H., Rodríguez-Mozaz S., Barceló D. 2021. Microplastics as vectors of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms–an overview of their environmental implications. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 3, 100079. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100079
Schmieg H., Burmester J.K., Krais S., Ruhl A.S., Tisler S., Zwiener C., Köhler H.-R., Triebskorn R. 2020. Interacting effects of polystyrene microplastics and the antidepressant amitriptyline on early life stages of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario). Water 12(9), 2361. DOI: 10.3390/w12092361
Seibel H., Baßmann B., Rebl A. 2021. Blood will tell: what hematological analyses can reveal about fish welfare. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8, 616955. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.616955
Shi W., Han Y., Guan X., Rong J., Su W., Zha S., Tang Y., Du X., Liu G. 2019. Fluoxetine suppresses the immune responses of blood clams by reducing haemocyte viability, disturbing signal transduction and imposing physiological stress. Science of the Total Environment 683, 681-689. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.308
Sun N., Shi H., Li, X., Gao C., Liu R. 2023. Combined toxicity of micro/nanoplastics loaded with environmental pollutants to organisms and cells: Role, effects, and mechanism. Environment International 171, 107711. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107711
Theodoridi A., Tsalafouta A., Pavlidis M. 2017. Acute exposure to fluoxetine alters aggressive behavior of zebrafish and expression of genes involved in serotonergic system regulation. Frontiers in Neuroscience 11, 223. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00223
Vaclavik J., Sehonova P., Blahova J., Medkova D., Postulkova E., Maly O., Charvatova M., Stastny K., Lenz J., Mares J. 2022. Foodborne fluoxetine impacts the immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykkis). Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 90, 103818. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103818
Vijitkul P., Kongsema M., Toommakorn T., Bullangpoti V. 2022. Investigation of genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity in erythrocytes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after fluoxetine exposure. Toxicology Reports 9, 588-596. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.031
Vineetha V.P., Suresh K., Pillai D. 2024. Impact of sub-chronic polystyrene nanoplastics exposure on hematology, histology, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 273, 110982. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110982
Visanji Z., Sadr S., Johns M., Savic D., Memon F.A. 2018. Emerging pollutants in developing countries: optimising sustainable treatment solutions. DOI: 10.29007/txmw
Wang W., Ge J., Yu X. 2020. Bioavailability and toxicity of microplastics to fish species: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 189, 109913. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109913
Wong R.Y., Oxendine S.E., Godwin J. 2013. Behavioral and neurogenomic transcriptome changes in wild-derived zebrafish with fluoxetine treatment. BMC genomics 14(1), 348. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-348
Wu L., Li L., Gao A., Ye J., Li J. 2024. Antimicrobial roles of phagocytosis in teleost fish: phagocytic B cells vs professional phagocytes. Aquaculture and Fisheries 9(2), 105-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.12.008
Yan Z., Zhao H., Zhu P., Wang Y., Hou J., Lu G., He C. 2024. Polystyrene microplastics alter the trophic transfer and biotoxicity of fluoxetine in an aquatic food chain. Journal of Hazardous Materials 470, 134179. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134179
Yazdanbakhsh M., Phan C., William N., Acker J.P. 2024. RBC subpopulations in RCCs affected by donor factors. Transfusion and Apheresis Science 63(6), 104010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134179
Zaman M., Khan F.U., Younas W., Noorullah M., Ullah I., Li L.A., Zuberi A., Wang Y. 2024. Physiological and histopathological effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on the filter-feeding fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Science of the Total Environment 912, 169376. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169376
Zwollo P., Quddos F., Bagdassarian C., Seeley M.E., Hale R.C., Abderhalden L. 2021. Polystyrene microplastics reduce abundance of developing B cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primary cultures. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 114, 102-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.014
