The effect of diet containing garlic powder (Allium sativum) on mercury bioaccumulation and shelf life of common carp fillet (Cyprinus carpio)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the impact of a diet containing garlic powder on the absorption of mercury chloride in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets and its shelf life in the refrigerator. For this purpose, fish were fed diets containing 2% garlic powder, 10 mg/kg mercury chloride, and 2% garlic powder + 10 mg/kg mercury chloride for 56 days. At the end of the cultivation period, growth index (weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate) and mercury accumulation in fillets were measured. In addition, chemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances index) and microbial (total mesophilic bacteria, total psychrophilic bacteria) indices were assessed in the fillets during storage in the refrigerator (4˚C). The results showed that weight gain (0.15±0.06), and specific growth rate (0.88±0.04) of fish-fed mercury chloride decreased, while the feed conversion ratio (4.01±0.01) increased (P<0.05). The highest mercury accumulation was observed in the fillets of fish-fed mercury chloride (506.12±19.67 ng/g) and the lowest in the fillets of fish-fed mercury chloride along with garlic powder (255.30±26.13 ng/g) (P<0.05). Different dietary regimes did not have a significant effect on the chemical and microbial indices of fillets stored in the refrigerator (P>0.05). The results of the present study showed that the use of garlic powder in the diet was an effective method of reducing mercury accumulation in common carp fillets. However, since it did not have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the shelf life of fillets (6 days), using this method is not recommended for increasing the shelf life of common carp fillets.

Keywords

References

ابراهیمی ع.، تنگستانی ر.، علیزاده دوغیکلایی ا.، زارع، پ. 1391. اثر سطوح مختلف اسانس سیر بر شاخص های رشد، تغذیه و ترکیب شیمیایی لاشه فیل ماهی (Huso huso). مجله علوم و فنون دریایی، 11(4): 12-1.
خسروی، م.، بهرامی‌فر ن.، عطاران ا. 1399. سنجش میزان آلودگی فلز جیوه در بافت عضله ماهی کپور (Cyprinus carpio) و اردک ماهی (Esox lucicus) تالاب انزلی و همبستگی آن با وزن، سن و رژیم غذایی. فصلنامه انسان و محیط زیست، 5: 93-84.
رادخواه ع.ر.، ایگدری س. و صادقی‌نژاد ماسوله ا. 1400. تجمع فلزات سنگین در ماهیان: تهدیدی جدی برای امنیت غذایی و سلامت جامعه. مجله طب دریا، 3(4): 245-236.
غیاثوند ز.، چنگیزی ر.، شاملوفر م.، پارسافر م. 1396. تاثیر پودر سیر (Allium sativum) بر عملکرد رشد، بازماندگی، ترکیب لاشه و مقاومت به استرس و شوری در بچه ماهی سفید (Rutilus frisii kutum). مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی، 6(2): 84-75.
فرومندی م.، خانی م.ر. 1398. اثر پوشش خوراکی کیتوزان حاوی عصاره سیر و اسانس گشنیز بر ویژگی‌های میکروبی و حسی فیله قزل‌آلا در طی نگهداری در یخچال. میکروب شناسی مواد غذایی، 6(1): 1-14.
فرجامی ب.، حسینی س. 1393. بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن (Zataria multifora) بر کیفیت میکروبی و شیمیایی سوریمی ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) در زمان نگهداری در یخچال (دمای 1±4 درجه سانتیگرا د). بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان، 3(1): 66-55.
گل آقایی م.، عادل م.، حافظیه م. 1395. تاثیر مصرف پودر سیر (Allium sativum) بر شاخص های رشد، بازماندگی و ترکیب بدن میگوی پا سفبد (Litopenaeus vannamei) پرورش یافته با آب دریای خزر. مجله علمی شیلات ایران، 25(2): 151-143.
میرصادقی ح.، عالی‌شاهی ع.، شعبانپور ب.، اجاق س.م. 1394. اثرعصاره سیر و لیمو برکیفیت و ماندگاری فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) کمان بسته‏بندی شده در خلاء طی نگه‏داری در یخچال. بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان. 4(2): 92-79.
Abd El-Gawad H., Ramzy E.M. 2013. Purification and characterization of toxic waste in the aquatic environment using common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Natural Resources and Development 3(8), 27-34.‏
Abdel-Tawwab M., Khalil R.H., Diab A.M., Khallaf M.A., Abdel-Razek N., Abdel-Latif H.M., Khalifa E. 2021. Dietary garlic and chitosan enhanced the antioxidant capacity, immunity, and modulated the transcription of HSP70 and Cytokine genes in Zearalenone-intoxicated European seabass. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 113, 35-41.‏
Adineh H., Harsij M., Jafaryan H., Asadi M. 2020. The effects of microencapsulated garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth performance, body composition, immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Journal of Applied Animal Research 48(1), 372-378.‏
Bai, X., Qiu, Z., Zheng, Z., Song, S., Zhao, R., Lu, X., & Qiao, X. 2022. Preparation and characterization of garlic polysaccharide-Zn (II) complexes and their bioactivities as a zinc supplement in Zn-deficient mice. Food Chemistry X 15, 100361.‏
Büyükdeveci M.E., Balcázar J. L., Demirkale İ., Dikel S. 2018. Effects of garlic-supplemented diet on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 486, 170-174.‏
Canuel R., de Grosbois S.B., Atikesse L., Lucotte M., Arp P., Ritchie C., Mergler D., Chan H.M., Amyot, M., Anderson R. 006. New evidence on variations of human body burden of methylmercury from fishconsumption. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(2), 302–306.
Chen C.Y., Evers D.C. 2023. Global mercury impact synthesis: Processes in the Southern Hemisphere. Ambio 52(5), 827-832.‏
Endo T., Haraguchi K., Sakata M. 2002. Mercury and selenium concentrations in the internal organs of toothed whales and dolphins marketed for human consumption in Japan. Science of the Total Environment 300(1-3), 15-22.‏
Esmaeili M., Kenari, A.A., Rombenso A. 2017. Immunohematological status under acute ammonia stress of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) fed garlic (Allium sativum) powder-supplemented meat and bone meal-based feeds. Comparative Clinical Pathology 26, 853-866.‏
Firmino J.P., Galindo-Villegas J., Reyes-Lo‘pez F.E., Gisbert E. 2021. Phytogenic bioactive compounds shape fish mucosal immunity. Frontiers in Immunology 12, 695973.
 Jennings S., Stentiford G.D., Leocadio A.M., Jeffery K.R., Metcalfe J.D., Katsiadaki I., Verner‐Jeffreys D. W. 2016. Aquatic food security: insights into challenges and solutions from an analysis of interactions between fisheries, aquaculture, food safety, human health, fish and human welfare, economy and environment. Fish and Fisheries 17(4), 893-938.‏
Howard J.A., Kuznietsova H., Dziubenko N., Aigle A., Natuzzi M., Thomas E., Tillement O. 2023. Combating lead and cadmium exposure with an orally administered chitosan-based chelating polymer. Scientific Reports 13(1), 2215.‏
Kachele R., Zhang M., Gao Z., Adhikari B. 2017. Effect of vacuum packaging on the shelf-life of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at 4 C. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie 80, 163-168.
Khalafalla F.A., Ali F.H., Hassan A.R.H. 2015. Quality improvement and shelf-life extension of refrigerated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets using natural herbs. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4(1), 33-40.
Khodadadi M., Peyghan R., Hamidavi A. 2013. The evaluation of garlic powder feed additive and its effect on growth rate of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Iranian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 6(2), 17-26.
Lee D.H., Ra C.S., Song Y.H., Sung K.I., Kim J. D. 2012. Effects of dietary garlic extract on growth, feed utilization and whole body composition of juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 25(4), 577-583.
Li T., Hu W., Li J., Zhang X., Zhu J., Li X. 2012. Coating effects of tea polyphenol and rosemary extract combined with chitosan on the storage quality of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Food Control 25(1), 101-106.
Nwokocha C.R., Owu D.U., Nwokocha M.I., Ufearo C.S., Iwuala M.O. 2012. Comparative study on the efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) in reducing some heavy metal accumulation in liver of wistar rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50(2), 222-226.
Nya E.J., & Austin B. 2009. Use of garlic, Allium sativum, to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases 32(11), 963-970.‏
Obioha U.E., Suru S.M., Ola-Mudathir, K.F., Faremi T.Y. 2009. Hepatoprotective potentials of onion and garlic extracts on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rats. Biological Trace Element Research 129(1-3), 143-56.
Ozogul Y., Yuvka İ., Ucar Y., Durmus M., Kösker A.R., Öz M., Ozogul F. 2017. Evaluation of effects of nanoemulsion based on herb essential oils (rosemary, laurel, thyme and sage) on sensory, chemical and microbiological quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets during ice storage. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie 75, 677-684‏.
Rice K.M., Walker Jr E.M., Wu M., Gillette C., Blough E.R. 2014. Environmental mercury and its toxic effects. Journal of preventive medicine and public health 47(2), 74-83.
Sahu S., Das B.K., Mishra B.K., Pradhan J., Sarangi N. 2007. Effect of Allium sativum on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23(1), 80-86.‏
Setijaningsih L., Setiadi E., Taufik I. 2021. The effect of garlic Allium sativum addition in feed to the growth performance and immune response of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 744(1), 012072.
Smaoui S., Hsouna A.B., Lahmar A., Ennouri K., Mtibaa-Chakchouk A., Sellem I., Mellouli L. 2016. Bio-preservative effect of the essential oil of the endemic Mentha piperita used alone and in combination with BacTN635 in stored minced beef meat. Meat science 117, 196-204.‏
Talpur A.D., Ikhwanuddin M.H.D. 2012. Dietary effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on haemato-immunological parameters, survival, growth, and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection in Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Aquaculture 364, 6-12.‏
UNEP, & WHO. 2008. Guidance for Identifying Populations at Risk from Mercury Exposur.
USEPA. 2013. Fish consumption advisories-general information http://water.epa .gov/scitech/ swguidance
fishshellfish/fishadvisories/general.cfm#tabs-2 accessed online on the 21 Feb 2001.
Verma T., Aggarwal A., Dey P., Chauhan A.K., Rashid S., Chen K.T., Sharma R. 2023. Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review. Frontiers in Nutrition 10, 1120377.‏
WHO. 2020. 10 chemicals of public health concern.
Xu A., Shang‐Guan J., Li Z., Gao Z., Huang Y., Chen Q. 2020. Effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction activity, growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Aquaculture Nutrition 26(2), 390-399.‏
Yousefi M., Vatnikov Y. A., Kulikov E.V., Plushikov V.G., Drukovsky S.G., Hoseinifar S.H., Van Doan H. 2020. The protective effects of dietary garlic on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ambient ammonia toxicity. Aquaculture 526, 735400.‏
Aquaculture Sciences
Volume 11, Issue 2
October 2023
Pages 36-46

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics