انجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Comparison of morphological diversity and some biological parameters of mesopotamian nase, Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) from rivers of the Tigris basin, IranComparison of morphological diversity and some biological parameters of mesopotamian nase, <i>Chondrostoma regium</i> (Heckel, 1843) from rivers of the Tigris basin, Iran110169072FAKeivan Abbasi-RanjbarInland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran.0000-0001-5095-2905Zaniar GhafouriDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.0000-0002-0548-146XSoheil EagderiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Hadi PoorbagherDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20220917In the present study, the morphological variation and some biological parameters (growth pattern and condition factor) of 46 specimens of <em>Chondrostoma regium </em>collected from the Gamasiab, Dinevar, Qarasu and Zab rivers were analyzed. A total of 22 morphometric and 6 meristic characteristics were measured and counted, respectively. To investigate the morphological variations between studied populations, morphometric and meristic characteristics were analysed using One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA). The results showed that 16 morphometric and 5 meristic characteristics had significant differences (<em>P</em><0.05). CVA analysis of morphometric traits showed that the populations had a high overlap and only the Zab River was separated from others, also in those meristic, Zab populations were separated from each other. Based on the results, <em>C. regium</em> showed significant morphological differences in meristic and morphometric discriminability characteristics. The growth pattern was isometric for Gamasiab, Dinevarr, and Qarasu populations but positive allometric for the Zab population. The condition factor was determined between 0.97 (Zab) and 1.06 (Dinevar), and there were no significant differences found between the studied rivers. In the present study, the morphological variation and some biological parameters (growth pattern and condition factor) of 46 specimens of <em>Chondrostoma regium </em>collected from the Gamasiab, Dinevar, Qarasu and Zab rivers were analyzed. A total of 22 morphometric and 6 meristic characteristics were measured and counted, respectively. To investigate the morphological variations between studied populations, morphometric and meristic characteristics were analysed using One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA). The results showed that 16 morphometric and 5 meristic characteristics had significant differences (<em>P</em><0.05). CVA analysis of morphometric traits showed that the populations had a high overlap and only the Zab River was separated from others, also in those meristic, Zab populations were separated from each other. Based on the results, <em>C. regium</em> showed significant morphological differences in meristic and morphometric discriminability characteristics. The growth pattern was isometric for Gamasiab, Dinevarr, and Qarasu populations but positive allometric for the Zab population. The condition factor was determined between 0.97 (Zab) and 1.06 (Dinevar), and there were no significant differences found between the studied rivers. http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_169072_e82a14cf62c3b56c9ba2919bdab917ed.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Ameliorative effects of irradiated rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) alcoholic extract on serum biochemical parameters and digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Ameliorative effects of irradiated rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) alcoholic extract on serum biochemical parameters and digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)1120169195FAMarzieh HeidariehNuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.Najmeh SheikhzadehDepartment of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.Saeed RajabifarDepartment of Radioisotope and cyclotron Radiopharmaceuticals Group, School of Radiation Application, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.Narjes Damavandi KamaliDepartment of Seafood Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource, Gorgan, Iran.Journal Article20230207There are numerous studies about the positive effects of rosemary on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant and immune systems, and disease resistance in different fish species. On the other hand, the efficacy of γ-irradiation to enhance the biological activities of rosemary has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of rosemary in three forms (crude powder, alcoholic extract, and irradiated alcoholic extract) on rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) serum antioxidant system, liver-related enzyme activities, some metabolites and digestive enzyme activities. After synthesizing the alcoholic extract of rosemary, γ-irradiation was performed at 30 kGy with a Cobalt-60 gamma irradiator. In the <em>in vivo</em> trial, fish specimens (~225.36 g) were randomly distributed into four groups with three replicates. After the seven-day adaptation period, fish were fed with the control diet or the treatment diets (crude powder= T1, alcoholic extract= T2, or irradiated alcoholic extract = T3) for 50 days. The results showed that the highest serum glucose level was seen in the control group (118.43±4.16 mg dl<sup>-1</sup>) whereas the lowest level was noted in the T3 group (41.25±1.59 mg dl<sup>-1</sup>). In parallel, triglyceride levels decreased in the T2 and T3 groups compared with the control group. Digestive enzyme activities also improved in all treated groups, especially in the T2 and T3 groups, compared to the control group. Liver-related enzyme activities also decreased following the administration of the T3 group. Serum antioxidant enzyme activities also increased in T2 and T3 groups compared with the control group with the highest SOD and CAT activities shown in the T3 group. In conclusion, the present study showed that 50-day dietary administration of rosemary alcoholic extract, especially in the irradiated form, could enhance some serum metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activities, liver-related enzyme activities as well as digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout.There are numerous studies about the positive effects of rosemary on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant and immune systems, and disease resistance in different fish species. On the other hand, the efficacy of γ-irradiation to enhance the biological activities of rosemary has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of rosemary in three forms (crude powder, alcoholic extract, and irradiated alcoholic extract) on rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) serum antioxidant system, liver-related enzyme activities, some metabolites and digestive enzyme activities. After synthesizing the alcoholic extract of rosemary, γ-irradiation was performed at 30 kGy with a Cobalt-60 gamma irradiator. In the <em>in vivo</em> trial, fish specimens (~225.36 g) were randomly distributed into four groups with three replicates. After the seven-day adaptation period, fish were fed with the control diet or the treatment diets (crude powder= T1, alcoholic extract= T2, or irradiated alcoholic extract = T3) for 50 days. The results showed that the highest serum glucose level was seen in the control group (118.43±4.16 mg dl<sup>-1</sup>) whereas the lowest level was noted in the T3 group (41.25±1.59 mg dl<sup>-1</sup>). In parallel, triglyceride levels decreased in the T2 and T3 groups compared with the control group. Digestive enzyme activities also improved in all treated groups, especially in the T2 and T3 groups, compared to the control group. Liver-related enzyme activities also decreased following the administration of the T3 group. Serum antioxidant enzyme activities also increased in T2 and T3 groups compared with the control group with the highest SOD and CAT activities shown in the T3 group. In conclusion, the present study showed that 50-day dietary administration of rosemary alcoholic extract, especially in the irradiated form, could enhance some serum metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activities, liver-related enzyme activities as well as digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_169195_d55a68684939a334550780baa8add917.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321The effect of replacing fish meal with sunflower seed in the diet on the growth performance and biochemical composition of fingerling Rutilus frisiiThe effect of replacing fish meal with sunflower seed in the diet on the growth performance and biochemical composition of fingerling <i>Rutilus frisii</i>2130169197FAReza RajabenejadDepartment of Fisheries, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, Iran.Seyed Mohammad SalavatianInland waters Aquaculture Research center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e Anzali, Iran.Hasti ZarahiDepartment of Fisheries, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, Iran.Mohammad Reza Ramzani MamodaniInland waters Aquaculture Research center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e Anzali, Iran.Akbar Pourgholami MoghaddamInland waters Aquaculture Research center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e Anzali, Iran.0000-0002-5020-7523Journal Article20230127The present study was performed to investigate the effect of replacing fish meal with sunflower meal in the diet and its effect on the growth performance and biochemical compositions of <em>Rutilus frisii </em>fingerlings. For this purpose, 240 specimens with an average weight of 1.14±0.8 g and an average total length of 5.03±0.3 cm in 12 tubs with a density of 20 in each and in four different treatments of 0 (control), 25, 50, and 75% sunflower meal with food ration formulated with the same percentage of protein, fat and energy levels were tested for eight weeks. In the parameters of food conversion factor, protein efficiency rate, growth factor, weight gain, length increase, average daily growth, survival percentage, final length, initial and final weight, no significant differences were observed (<em>P</em>>0.05), but in terms of mean status coefficient, a significant difference was observed (<em>P</em><0.05). Also, the analysis of fish carcass analysis parameters showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments in terms of carcass moisture percentage (<em>P</em>>0.05), but in terms of ash percentage, protein percentage and carcass fat percentage, there was a significant difference was observed (<em>P</em><0.05). The results showed that different levels of replacing sunflower meal with fish meal have no negative effect on the growth performance of <em>R. Frisii</em>. Therefore, to reduce the cost of feed production and economic efficiency of the studied fish breeding, up to 25% of sunflower meal can be replaced with fish meal in the diet composition.The present study was performed to investigate the effect of replacing fish meal with sunflower meal in the diet and its effect on the growth performance and biochemical compositions of <em>Rutilus frisii </em>fingerlings. For this purpose, 240 specimens with an average weight of 1.14±0.8 g and an average total length of 5.03±0.3 cm in 12 tubs with a density of 20 in each and in four different treatments of 0 (control), 25, 50, and 75% sunflower meal with food ration formulated with the same percentage of protein, fat and energy levels were tested for eight weeks. In the parameters of food conversion factor, protein efficiency rate, growth factor, weight gain, length increase, average daily growth, survival percentage, final length, initial and final weight, no significant differences were observed (<em>P</em>>0.05), but in terms of mean status coefficient, a significant difference was observed (<em>P</em><0.05). Also, the analysis of fish carcass analysis parameters showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments in terms of carcass moisture percentage (<em>P</em>>0.05), but in terms of ash percentage, protein percentage and carcass fat percentage, there was a significant difference was observed (<em>P</em><0.05). The results showed that different levels of replacing sunflower meal with fish meal have no negative effect on the growth performance of <em>R. Frisii</em>. Therefore, to reduce the cost of feed production and economic efficiency of the studied fish breeding, up to 25% of sunflower meal can be replaced with fish meal in the diet composition.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_169197_636db3ffcdbe9261f166fc9681ffca9d.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321The effect of microplastics and copper metal on different hemocytes in freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylusThe effect of microplastics and copper metal on different hemocytes in freshwater crayfish <i>Astacus leptodactylus</i>3141169198FAAmir ZeidiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.Mohammadreza RezaeiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.Mohammad Hossein SayadiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranAmin GholamhoseiniDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Mahdi BanaeeAquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.Journal Article20230227In this study, the effect of different levels of microplastics and copper, alone and in combination, on the number of total hemocytes and different hemocytes in freshwater crayfish (<em>Astacus leptodactylus</em>) was conducted. For this purpose, 378 crayfish with an average length of 10.64±0.76 cm and a weight of 41.12±5.15 grams were divided into 27 aquaria. The exposure period was 28 days, the number of total hemocytes and different hemocytes were checked at the end of the experiment, and hemolymph samples were taken from the crayfish. The results showed that the number of hyalinocytes in the samples exposed to 1 mg/L polyethylene microplastic and 1 mg/L copper sulfate treatment was less than in the control group. The number of granulocytes increased in the treatment of 1 mg/L of polyethylene microplastic and 1 mg/L of microplastic combined with 0.5 mg/L of copper sulfate compared to the control group, and for semi-granulocyte cells, 1 mg/L of fine plastic combined with 0.5 mg/L of copper sulfate significantly decreased and the treatment with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate also had a significant increase compared to the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). Also, the number of total hemocytes in the treatments of 0.5 mg/L of microplastic combined with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate and the treatment of 1 mg/L of microplastic combined with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate decreased significantly compared to the control treatment (<em>P</em><0.05), finally it can be concluded that polyethylene microplastic and copper metal alone and together can be among the polluting and damaging factors to the immune system in freshwater crayfish.In this study, the effect of different levels of microplastics and copper, alone and in combination, on the number of total hemocytes and different hemocytes in freshwater crayfish (<em>Astacus leptodactylus</em>) was conducted. For this purpose, 378 crayfish with an average length of 10.64±0.76 cm and a weight of 41.12±5.15 grams were divided into 27 aquaria. The exposure period was 28 days, the number of total hemocytes and different hemocytes were checked at the end of the experiment, and hemolymph samples were taken from the crayfish. The results showed that the number of hyalinocytes in the samples exposed to 1 mg/L polyethylene microplastic and 1 mg/L copper sulfate treatment was less than in the control group. The number of granulocytes increased in the treatment of 1 mg/L of polyethylene microplastic and 1 mg/L of microplastic combined with 0.5 mg/L of copper sulfate compared to the control group, and for semi-granulocyte cells, 1 mg/L of fine plastic combined with 0.5 mg/L of copper sulfate significantly decreased and the treatment with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate also had a significant increase compared to the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). Also, the number of total hemocytes in the treatments of 0.5 mg/L of microplastic combined with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate and the treatment of 1 mg/L of microplastic combined with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate decreased significantly compared to the control treatment (<em>P</em><0.05), finally it can be concluded that polyethylene microplastic and copper metal alone and together can be among the polluting and damaging factors to the immune system in freshwater crayfish.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_169198_4129c0ac0a618b9a6ef90eaf79f7c82f.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles on hematological and biochemical indices, immune and antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)Effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles on hematological and biochemical indices, immune and antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)4251169199FAShervin SheikhDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.Fariborz GhojoghiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.Afshin GhelichiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.Sara JorjaniDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.Journal Article20230207This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles on the hematological, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Fish with an average weight of 31.1±1.0 g were distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks and were fed for 56 days with different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles including 0, T1 (0.5), T2 (1) and T3 (2 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles). The highest number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed in T2 and T3, which statistically showed a significant difference with other treatments, especially the control treatment (<em>P</em><0.05). The results showed a significant difference in the total protein and globulin levels of fish fed with a diet containing 1 and 2 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles. In this study, the addition of 2 mg/kg of nano selenium to the diet lead to a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and the lowest values of these parameters were observed in the group fed with 2 mg/kg of nano selenium, which is significantly different from others. The activity level of liver enzymes including ALT and AST was the highest level in the control treatment and those lowest were observed in the 2 mg/kg nano selenium treatment (<em>P</em><0.05). There was a significant difference in the amounts of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes among fish fed with 1 and 2 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles compare to the treatment of 0.5 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles (<em>P</em><0.05). In conclusion, the effect of different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles, especially in the concentration of 2 mg/kg, had positive effects on the hematological, biochemical indices, and antioxidant system of Nile tilapia and this nanoparticle can be a suitable agent for improving available food quality in aquaculture.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles on the hematological, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Fish with an average weight of 31.1±1.0 g were distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks and were fed for 56 days with different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles including 0, T1 (0.5), T2 (1) and T3 (2 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles). The highest number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed in T2 and T3, which statistically showed a significant difference with other treatments, especially the control treatment (<em>P</em><0.05). The results showed a significant difference in the total protein and globulin levels of fish fed with a diet containing 1 and 2 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles. In this study, the addition of 2 mg/kg of nano selenium to the diet lead to a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and the lowest values of these parameters were observed in the group fed with 2 mg/kg of nano selenium, which is significantly different from others. The activity level of liver enzymes including ALT and AST was the highest level in the control treatment and those lowest were observed in the 2 mg/kg nano selenium treatment (<em>P</em><0.05). There was a significant difference in the amounts of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes among fish fed with 1 and 2 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles compare to the treatment of 0.5 mg/kg of selenium nanoparticles (<em>P</em><0.05). In conclusion, the effect of different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles, especially in the concentration of 2 mg/kg, had positive effects on the hematological, biochemical indices, and antioxidant system of Nile tilapia and this nanoparticle can be a suitable agent for improving available food quality in aquaculture.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_169199_dae91a919579098ffc5bf7817d065669.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321The effect of lemon plant extract (Aloysia citrodora) on growth performance and liver enzyme activities of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)The effect of lemon plant extract (Aloysia citrodora) on growth performance and liver enzyme activities of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)5258170653FAMitra ArmanDepartment of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Mostafa AlinaghizadehDepartment of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230218The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of <em>Aloysia citrodora</em> extract on the growth parameters and liver enzyme activities of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Two-hundred-forty fry with an initial weight of 10.53±0.23g were for the experiments. During 8 weeks experimental period, 4 treatments including treatment 1 (commercial diet or control treatment), treatment 2 (a diet containing 2.5g <em>A. citrodora</em> extract/kg diet), treatment 3 (a diet containing 5g <em>A. citrodora </em>extract/kg diet), and treatment 4 (diet containing 7.5g <em>A. citrodora</em> extract/kg diet) were used. Based on the results, the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor were observed in treatment 4. Moreover, no significant differences in AST, ALT, and ALP were found between treatments. The results of the study showed that a diet containing 7.5g <em>A. citrodora</em> extract/kg diet could increase growth performance in <em>O.</em><em> </em><em>niloticus</em> without negative effects on their liver.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of <em>Aloysia citrodora</em> extract on the growth parameters and liver enzyme activities of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Two-hundred-forty fry with an initial weight of 10.53±0.23g were for the experiments. During 8 weeks experimental period, 4 treatments including treatment 1 (commercial diet or control treatment), treatment 2 (a diet containing 2.5g <em>A. citrodora</em> extract/kg diet), treatment 3 (a diet containing 5g <em>A. citrodora </em>extract/kg diet), and treatment 4 (diet containing 7.5g <em>A. citrodora</em> extract/kg diet) were used. Based on the results, the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor were observed in treatment 4. Moreover, no significant differences in AST, ALT, and ALP were found between treatments. The results of the study showed that a diet containing 7.5g <em>A. citrodora</em> extract/kg diet could increase growth performance in <em>O.</em><em> </em><em>niloticus</em> without negative effects on their liver.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_170653_ee5feade74bd53c8846318e74cb93961.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Recoverable cosmeceutical ingredients from marine discards/by-productsRecoverable cosmeceutical ingredients from marine discards/by-products5971171328FAMohammad Ali DaneshmehrDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Faranak SalmannejadDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.0000-0002-4914-2743Journal Article20230124Cosmetic products with marine-derived ingredients instead of synthetic ingredients are indeed particularly attractive to consumers, and that is why the demand for these products has increased in the last decade. However, natural resources, including marine resources, are limited and should not be overexploited because their regeneration involves the passage of many years. One of the solutions for natural resource depletion is to recover their discards and by-products. Therefore, this issue has led to the use of marine discards and by-products produced in the fishing industry as a sustainable source for extracting high-value ingredients that are used in the cosmetic industry. These ingredients such as collagen, chitin, natural calcium phosphates, astaxanthin, and phycobiliproteins could be utilized as antioxidants, anti-photoaging, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, and anti-inflammation in cosmetic formulations. As a result, in this study, according to the importance of the subject, the potential of marine discards and by-products to extract effective cosmeceuticals was discussed.Cosmetic products with marine-derived ingredients instead of synthetic ingredients are indeed particularly attractive to consumers, and that is why the demand for these products has increased in the last decade. However, natural resources, including marine resources, are limited and should not be overexploited because their regeneration involves the passage of many years. One of the solutions for natural resource depletion is to recover their discards and by-products. Therefore, this issue has led to the use of marine discards and by-products produced in the fishing industry as a sustainable source for extracting high-value ingredients that are used in the cosmetic industry. These ingredients such as collagen, chitin, natural calcium phosphates, astaxanthin, and phycobiliproteins could be utilized as antioxidants, anti-photoaging, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, and anti-inflammation in cosmetic formulations. As a result, in this study, according to the importance of the subject, the potential of marine discards and by-products to extract effective cosmeceuticals was discussed.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_171328_3ffc506bdd24381b5e05d385d611e91d.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321The effect of salinity, UV-C, UV-B irradiation stress on the growth, fatty acid and lipid class composition in Dunaliella salinaThe effect of salinity, UV-C, UV-B irradiation stress on the growth, fatty acid and lipid class composition in Dunaliella salina7284171374FAFakhri GhezelbashDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Latifa PurakbarDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Naser AghArtemia & Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0002-7528-463XSaber KhodabandehDepartment of Marine Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230128<em>Dunaliella salina </em>microalgae is a unique eukaryotic microorganism that has a high range of tolerance against environmental fluctuations including salinity, temperature, and light. The aim of this study was to determine the growth factors and content of fatty acids in <em>D.</em> <em>salina</em> under salinity and ultraviolet conditions. The experiments were conducted at three different salinities (150, 200 and 250 ppt) under UVB and UVC irradiations in 3 replicates. Algae growth rate and total algae biomass were measured by counting the number of cells every alternate day for 11 days by hemacytometer. The fatty acids profile was measured by gas chromatography and the amount of total fat using a soxhlet device. The growth rate of algae in most of the treatments under high salinity stress, UVB and UVC irradiation was significantly lower compared to the control group (<em>P≤</em>0.05). The highest cell counts were detected in the control one (2.4 million cells/ml) and UVB-150 treatment (1.98 million cells/ml) on day 7. But despite the higher cell count in the control group, the highest fresh wet weight of algae was obtained in the UVC-200 ppt/salinity group. Substantial differences were detected in the fatty acids profile between the treatments (<em>P≤</em>0.05). Algae cultured under UVB-200 contained the highest PUFA-n3 (20.05%) and the sum of PUFA (32.05%), while the highest PUFA-n6 (13.96%) was found in the UVC-150 group. Algae cultured at 250 ppt salinity without UV irradiation had the highest level (52.75%) of saturated fatty acids (SFA). It was concluded that UV irradiations and high salinity suppresses the growth but improves the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.<em>Dunaliella salina </em>microalgae is a unique eukaryotic microorganism that has a high range of tolerance against environmental fluctuations including salinity, temperature, and light. The aim of this study was to determine the growth factors and content of fatty acids in <em>D.</em> <em>salina</em> under salinity and ultraviolet conditions. The experiments were conducted at three different salinities (150, 200 and 250 ppt) under UVB and UVC irradiations in 3 replicates. Algae growth rate and total algae biomass were measured by counting the number of cells every alternate day for 11 days by hemacytometer. The fatty acids profile was measured by gas chromatography and the amount of total fat using a soxhlet device. The growth rate of algae in most of the treatments under high salinity stress, UVB and UVC irradiation was significantly lower compared to the control group (<em>P≤</em>0.05). The highest cell counts were detected in the control one (2.4 million cells/ml) and UVB-150 treatment (1.98 million cells/ml) on day 7. But despite the higher cell count in the control group, the highest fresh wet weight of algae was obtained in the UVC-200 ppt/salinity group. Substantial differences were detected in the fatty acids profile between the treatments (<em>P≤</em>0.05). Algae cultured under UVB-200 contained the highest PUFA-n3 (20.05%) and the sum of PUFA (32.05%), while the highest PUFA-n6 (13.96%) was found in the UVC-150 group. Algae cultured at 250 ppt salinity without UV irradiation had the highest level (52.75%) of saturated fatty acids (SFA). It was concluded that UV irradiations and high salinity suppresses the growth but improves the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_171374_372fdd27bcbb3cc1502e795b6c83609d.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Correlation between water physicochemical parameters and the amount of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Babylonia spiral snail (Babylonia spirata Linnaeus, 1758) in the northern waters of Oman Sea, Sistan and Baluchistan provinceCorrelation between water physicochemical parameters and the amount of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Babylonia spiral snail (<i>Babylonia spirata</i> Linnaeus, 1758) in the northern waters of Oman Sea, Sistan and Baluchistan province85104171570FAElnaz ErfanifarOffshore Fisheries Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Research Sciences, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.Ashkan AzhdariOffshore Fisheries Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Research Sciences, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.Seyed Ahmadreza Hashemioffshore fisheries research center of chabaharZahra Amini KhoiOffshore Fisheries Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Research Sciences, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.Ghasem Rahimi Qaramir ShamlouOffshore Fisheries Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Research Sciences, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.Imam Bakhsh DolkianOffshore Fisheries Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Research Sciences, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.Mastooreh DoustdarNational Institute of Fisheries Research Sciences, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230225<em>Babylonia spirata</em> is one of the important commercial oyster species in the world. The ecological basis of the habitats of this mollusk in the coastal waters and in the areas of the continental plateau is a significant help to fishermen and operators. Therefore, to identify the ecological characteristics of the Babylon Sea snail habitat in the northern waters of the Oman Sea, water sampling was done to determine temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, turbidity, and sediment, the total organic matter and the type of substrate, Babylon species to determine CPUE was done monthly from September 2021 to May 2022. The results showed that the average water temperature during the study period was 27.79°C in Konarak, 26.99 in Pezam, and 28.5 in Pasabandar and Bris. The average salinity in Kanarak, Pozem, Bris, and Pasbandar stations were 39.33, 26.99, 39.25, and 39.25 g/L, turbidity 5.48, 2.5, 7.25 and 7.25 FTU, acidity 8.25, 8.22, 8.18 and 8.18, DO 6.6, 7.06, 6.97 and 6.97 mg/l, nitrate 1.35, 1.16, 1.11 and 1.11 mg/l, nitrite 0.04, 0.02, 0.055 and 0.055 mg/l, ammonia 0.05, 0.19, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/liter, phosphate 0.37, 0.23, 0.25 and 0.25mg/liter, and the organic matter 0.64, 0.52, 1.67 and 1.67%, respectively. The results revealed that nutrients play an important role in the density of Babylon in this region. With the increase of nutrients, the density of Babylon increases with a sharp peak and reached the maximum in October and November, and after that, with the decrease of food, the density decreases. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the nitrite was highly related to the amount of catch per unit effort of the Babylon Sea snail.<em>Babylonia spirata</em> is one of the important commercial oyster species in the world. The ecological basis of the habitats of this mollusk in the coastal waters and in the areas of the continental plateau is a significant help to fishermen and operators. Therefore, to identify the ecological characteristics of the Babylon Sea snail habitat in the northern waters of the Oman Sea, water sampling was done to determine temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, turbidity, and sediment, the total organic matter and the type of substrate, Babylon species to determine CPUE was done monthly from September 2021 to May 2022. The results showed that the average water temperature during the study period was 27.79°C in Konarak, 26.99 in Pezam, and 28.5 in Pasabandar and Bris. The average salinity in Kanarak, Pozem, Bris, and Pasbandar stations were 39.33, 26.99, 39.25, and 39.25 g/L, turbidity 5.48, 2.5, 7.25 and 7.25 FTU, acidity 8.25, 8.22, 8.18 and 8.18, DO 6.6, 7.06, 6.97 and 6.97 mg/l, nitrate 1.35, 1.16, 1.11 and 1.11 mg/l, nitrite 0.04, 0.02, 0.055 and 0.055 mg/l, ammonia 0.05, 0.19, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/liter, phosphate 0.37, 0.23, 0.25 and 0.25mg/liter, and the organic matter 0.64, 0.52, 1.67 and 1.67%, respectively. The results revealed that nutrients play an important role in the density of Babylon in this region. With the increase of nutrients, the density of Babylon increases with a sharp peak and reached the maximum in October and November, and after that, with the decrease of food, the density decreases. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the nitrite was highly related to the amount of catch per unit effort of the Babylon Sea snail.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_171570_158f65ea03e2d3e6e9169f9acddb3f9f.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Determining the effects of different levels of polystyrene nanoplastics on the expression of immune-related- genes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Determining the effects of different levels of polystyrene nanoplastics on the expression of immune-related- genes in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)105113172288FAMelika Mirzaei NashtoroudiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Kamran Rezaei TavabeDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Amirreza Abed ElmdoustDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Gholamreza RafieeDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Hassan RahimianDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Behzad Shirkavand HadavandDepartment of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230410Most of the plastic materials used for food packaging are non-biodegradable, resulting in more environmental pollution. Hence, this study was designed and conducted to measure the effect of toxicity of the PSNPs while transferring from the diet to the body of the fish (food concentrations = 0, 0.1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) on juvenile rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) in a 28-day chronic treatment and the control group (food concentration= 0mg/kg) after the 7-day adaptation period, in three repetitions (15 juvenile trout were included in each repetition per concentration).<strong> </strong>In addition,<strong> </strong>changes in two genetic biomarkers of the immune system and stress in the expression profile of the liver and spleen tissues indicated that following the increase in the concentration of PSNPs, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in both liver and spleen tissues significantly increased with the increase of mRNA transcription (<em>P</em><0.05). Based on the obtained results, the release of NPsPS was confirmed for health and safety at the cellular-molecular level in the aquatic sample under study, and it is likely that if this nanomaterial is released in the aquatic environment, it will induce adverse environmental effects.Most of the plastic materials used for food packaging are non-biodegradable, resulting in more environmental pollution. Hence, this study was designed and conducted to measure the effect of toxicity of the PSNPs while transferring from the diet to the body of the fish (food concentrations = 0, 0.1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) on juvenile rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) in a 28-day chronic treatment and the control group (food concentration= 0mg/kg) after the 7-day adaptation period, in three repetitions (15 juvenile trout were included in each repetition per concentration).<strong> </strong>In addition,<strong> </strong>changes in two genetic biomarkers of the immune system and stress in the expression profile of the liver and spleen tissues indicated that following the increase in the concentration of PSNPs, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in both liver and spleen tissues significantly increased with the increase of mRNA transcription (<em>P</em><0.05). Based on the obtained results, the release of NPsPS was confirmed for health and safety at the cellular-molecular level in the aquatic sample under study, and it is likely that if this nanomaterial is released in the aquatic environment, it will induce adverse environmental effects.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_172288_66f296416918375486a739c32edb76d1.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharides prebiotic on the blood parameters and growth of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharides prebiotic on the blood parameters and growth of Rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)114121172381FAAli AzimianDepartment of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran.Atefeh IriDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.Uonos AbdollahzadehDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.Tahereh BagheriOffshore Water Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.Journal Article20230404The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of prebiotic Fructo-Oligosaccharides on the growth and hematology indices of rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>). For this purpose, 120 specimens for 42 days in 4 treatments, including treatment (1) control, without prebiotics, treatment (2) food containing 0.05, treatment (3) food containing 0.1, and treatment (4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic were divided and their growth and blood indices were evaluated. The results of the growth parameters showed significant difference in the rate of food conversion coefficient between the treatments (<em>P</em><0.05), and in the specific growth rate factor, the lowest value was found in the control group and there was a significant difference with other treatments (<em>P</em><0.05). In the final weight, fish fed prebiotics on day 42 compared to the control group, there was a significant difference (<em>P</em><0.05). In the hematological parameters, the first sampling, the prebiotic had no significant effect on the number of red blood cells, average red blood cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin (<em>P</em><0.05), but the treatments on day 42 increased the indices of white blood cell count, the average concentration of red blood cell hemoglobin, and average cellular hemoglobin compared to prebiotic treatments and the control group. We suppose that prebiotics in the edible method has stimulated non-specific immunity in Rainbow trout. It is concluded that the levels of 0.1 and 0.2% Fructo-Oligosaccharides prebiotic in food can improve the condition of growth and hematology indices of Rainbow trout.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of prebiotic Fructo-Oligosaccharides on the growth and hematology indices of rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>). For this purpose, 120 specimens for 42 days in 4 treatments, including treatment (1) control, without prebiotics, treatment (2) food containing 0.05, treatment (3) food containing 0.1, and treatment (4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic were divided and their growth and blood indices were evaluated. The results of the growth parameters showed significant difference in the rate of food conversion coefficient between the treatments (<em>P</em><0.05), and in the specific growth rate factor, the lowest value was found in the control group and there was a significant difference with other treatments (<em>P</em><0.05). In the final weight, fish fed prebiotics on day 42 compared to the control group, there was a significant difference (<em>P</em><0.05). In the hematological parameters, the first sampling, the prebiotic had no significant effect on the number of red blood cells, average red blood cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin (<em>P</em><0.05), but the treatments on day 42 increased the indices of white blood cell count, the average concentration of red blood cell hemoglobin, and average cellular hemoglobin compared to prebiotic treatments and the control group. We suppose that prebiotics in the edible method has stimulated non-specific immunity in Rainbow trout. It is concluded that the levels of 0.1 and 0.2% Fructo-Oligosaccharides prebiotic in food can improve the condition of growth and hematology indices of Rainbow trout.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_172381_5cc5a5e361c22724297de3a3cc35ee7b.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Nutritional effect of white worm (Enchytraeus albidus) on the growth and survival of Pacific white shrimp post larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei)Nutritional effect of white worm (<i>Enchytraeus albidus</i>) on the growth and survival of Pacific white shrimp post larvae (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>)122131175099FAMohammad Reza MohammadshahiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.Mohammad Amini ChermahiniDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.0000-0002-0928-2409Saeed Ziaei-NejadDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.Journal Article20230514The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of white worm, <em>Enchytraeus albidus</em>, in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) postlarvae and the possibility of its replacement instead of a formulated diet. For this purpose, 100 PL12 stage larvae were completely randomly distributed into 500-liter tanks equipped with an aeration system and fed for 19 days with commercial food and white worm in 4 treatments at the rate of five to six percent of the biomass. The first treatment was fed only with commercial food (control), the second with 33% white worm and 67% commercial food, the third one with 66% white worm and 34% commercial food, and the fourth treatment only with the white worm. Considering that the worm was used as alive, its amount was 3 times that of dry food. Weight gain (WG), food conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival percentage (SR) were calculated. In terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio, no significant differences were found between the treatments (<em>P</em>>0.05). The SR was significantly higher in the treatments fed with white worm than in the control one (<em>P</em><0.05). According to the results, although the replacement of commercial food with white worm does not improve shrimp growth, considering the increase in survival of shrimps, the easier management of water quality, and the low cost of white worm production, the combined use of white worm and commercial food is recommended.The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of white worm, <em>Enchytraeus albidus</em>, in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) postlarvae and the possibility of its replacement instead of a formulated diet. For this purpose, 100 PL12 stage larvae were completely randomly distributed into 500-liter tanks equipped with an aeration system and fed for 19 days with commercial food and white worm in 4 treatments at the rate of five to six percent of the biomass. The first treatment was fed only with commercial food (control), the second with 33% white worm and 67% commercial food, the third one with 66% white worm and 34% commercial food, and the fourth treatment only with the white worm. Considering that the worm was used as alive, its amount was 3 times that of dry food. Weight gain (WG), food conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival percentage (SR) were calculated. In terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio, no significant differences were found between the treatments (<em>P</em>>0.05). The SR was significantly higher in the treatments fed with white worm than in the control one (<em>P</em><0.05). According to the results, although the replacement of commercial food with white worm does not improve shrimp growth, considering the increase in survival of shrimps, the easier management of water quality, and the low cost of white worm production, the combined use of white worm and commercial food is recommended.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_175099_1167e46b36b01c5fde762c8c4ebde1b4.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Salinity induced high glycerol production in Urmia Lake Dunaliella viridis and Dunaliella salinaSalinity induced high glycerol production in Urmia Lake <i>Dunaliella viridis</i> and <i>Dunaliella salina</i>132141177890FAZahra AsalpisheDepartment of biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Rashid JameiDepartment of biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Reza DarvishzadehDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Farzaneh NooriDepartment of Biology and Aquaculture, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Journal Article20230701To determine species with a high yield of biomass, carotenoids, glycerol, and carbohydrates, two <em>Dunaliella</em> species were isolated and genetically identified using ITS molecular marker from hypersaline Lake Urmia in northwest of Iran. Isolates were grown at optimal salinity then transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks contained 1.5M to 3.5M NaCl concentrations. After salinity treatment, cell growth and pigment changes were analyzed for the next two weeks. Carbohydrate and glycerol content also were measured 24 h and 10 days later. The results showed that optimal salinity for <em>D. salina</em> Dsu1 growth is 1.5 M NaCl, whereas <em>Dunaliella viridis</em> DU3 produces the highest biomass yield at 3M NaCl. Suboptimal salt concentration leads to palmella formation in<em> D. viridis</em>. <em>D. salina</em> Dsu1 produced a higher amount of carotenoids compared to <em>D. viridis</em> DU3 especially when it was cultured at 2.5 M. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between <em>D. salina</em> intracellular glycerol amounts and elevated salinity, maximum increase (2.5 times) compared to the initial density was detected at 3 M NaCl. In <em>D. viridis </em>DU3 also up to 10 times increase in Glycerol content was observed at high NaCl concentrations (3 M and 3.5 M) compared to control. 24 hours following salinity treatment <em>D. viridis</em> showed higher carbohydrate content in all treatments, compared to <em>D. salina.</em> Intracellular carbohydrate concentration decreased by salinity elevation in both <em>D. salina</em> Dsu1 and <em>D. viridis</em> DU3 ten days afterwards. In general, considering higher speed of reproduction and higher amount of carotenoids and glycerol accumulation, <em>D. viridis </em>isolated from Urmia Lake is better option than <em>D. salina</em> for bio-production of those valuable metabolites.To determine species with a high yield of biomass, carotenoids, glycerol, and carbohydrates, two <em>Dunaliella</em> species were isolated and genetically identified using ITS molecular marker from hypersaline Lake Urmia in northwest of Iran. Isolates were grown at optimal salinity then transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks contained 1.5M to 3.5M NaCl concentrations. After salinity treatment, cell growth and pigment changes were analyzed for the next two weeks. Carbohydrate and glycerol content also were measured 24 h and 10 days later. The results showed that optimal salinity for <em>D. salina</em> Dsu1 growth is 1.5 M NaCl, whereas <em>Dunaliella viridis</em> DU3 produces the highest biomass yield at 3M NaCl. Suboptimal salt concentration leads to palmella formation in<em> D. viridis</em>. <em>D. salina</em> Dsu1 produced a higher amount of carotenoids compared to <em>D. viridis</em> DU3 especially when it was cultured at 2.5 M. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between <em>D. salina</em> intracellular glycerol amounts and elevated salinity, maximum increase (2.5 times) compared to the initial density was detected at 3 M NaCl. In <em>D. viridis </em>DU3 also up to 10 times increase in Glycerol content was observed at high NaCl concentrations (3 M and 3.5 M) compared to control. 24 hours following salinity treatment <em>D. viridis</em> showed higher carbohydrate content in all treatments, compared to <em>D. salina.</em> Intracellular carbohydrate concentration decreased by salinity elevation in both <em>D. salina</em> Dsu1 and <em>D. viridis</em> DU3 ten days afterwards. In general, considering higher speed of reproduction and higher amount of carotenoids and glycerol accumulation, <em>D. viridis </em>isolated from Urmia Lake is better option than <em>D. salina</em> for bio-production of those valuable metabolites.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_177890_256913ee74ea79663fdbe66921129f94.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Effect of brood fish age on first cleavage interval to improve the efficiency of tetraploid induction in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Effect of brood fish age on first cleavage interval to improve the efficiency of tetraploid induction in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)142151177891FAHajar Tabatabei PozvehDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.Salar DorafshanDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.Fatemeh Paykan HeyratiDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.Majid TalebiDepartment of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.Tillmann BenfeyDepartment of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 6E, Canada.Journal Article20230625First cleavage interval (FCI) determination in fertilized fish eggs has a key role in improving late shock for tetraploid induction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of female brood fish age 2<sup>+</sup> and 4<sup>+</sup> years on FCI to optimize the time of shock induction to obtain the highest tetraploidy. 22 and 16 female brood fish at 2<sup>+</sup> and 4<sup>+</sup> year class were selected with an average weight 1635±357.83 and 4242.5±1039.36 g, respectively. The female fish were hand stripped and the eggs from each breeder were separately fertilized by the mix of 3 male milt. The eggs then were incubated separately in 3 replicates for each female. The time of adding the activating solution was recorded as the fertilization time. Sampling was started at 4620 degree-min after fertilization (at 11°C) and continued at 10-min intervals for 1980 degree-min. At least, 30 of eggs from each female fish, 10 from each replicate from each female were randomly collected at each sampling time. The fish eggs were fixed and then checked at 40x magnification. FCI in at least 50% of sampled eggs was considered as the time of occurrence of FCI for the female fish. The results showed that FCI occured in eggs from younger breeders significantly in a shorter time after fertilization compared to the older group. The average FCI was recorded as 5528.64±104.06 and 5802.5±60.16 degree-min for 2<sup>+</sup> and 4<sup>+</sup> respectively. A low regression was recorded between FCI and egg size. So, it is recommended to consider the female fish age for optimizing tetraploidy yield using late shock in rainbow trout.First cleavage interval (FCI) determination in fertilized fish eggs has a key role in improving late shock for tetraploid induction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of female brood fish age 2<sup>+</sup> and 4<sup>+</sup> years on FCI to optimize the time of shock induction to obtain the highest tetraploidy. 22 and 16 female brood fish at 2<sup>+</sup> and 4<sup>+</sup> year class were selected with an average weight 1635±357.83 and 4242.5±1039.36 g, respectively. The female fish were hand stripped and the eggs from each breeder were separately fertilized by the mix of 3 male milt. The eggs then were incubated separately in 3 replicates for each female. The time of adding the activating solution was recorded as the fertilization time. Sampling was started at 4620 degree-min after fertilization (at 11°C) and continued at 10-min intervals for 1980 degree-min. At least, 30 of eggs from each female fish, 10 from each replicate from each female were randomly collected at each sampling time. The fish eggs were fixed and then checked at 40x magnification. FCI in at least 50% of sampled eggs was considered as the time of occurrence of FCI for the female fish. The results showed that FCI occured in eggs from younger breeders significantly in a shorter time after fertilization compared to the older group. The average FCI was recorded as 5528.64±104.06 and 5802.5±60.16 degree-min for 2<sup>+</sup> and 4<sup>+</sup> respectively. A low regression was recorded between FCI and egg size. So, it is recommended to consider the female fish age for optimizing tetraploidy yield using late shock in rainbow trout.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_177891_43ebcb8a75e75d467a70fe6434603fa3.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Investigating the effective parameters on predicting the catch of Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the Indian Ocean using a rule-based fuzzy systemInvestigating the effective parameters on predicting the catch of Yellowfin tuna <i>Thunnus albacares</i> (Bonnaterre, 1788) in the Indian Ocean using a rule-based fuzzy system152162178513FANarjes BakhtiariDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Hadi PoorbagherDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Soheil EagderiDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Jahangir FeghhiDepartment of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20230625To improve the catch status of tuna fishing fleets, it is necessary to identify suitable fishing grounds for these fish. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the catchability of yellowfin tuna over the next five years using a rule-based fuzzy system model. To determine the predicted location for the highest catch in the Indian Ocean region 51, data on Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna were obtained from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). The model was constructed using environmental parameters from 2005 and the spatial distribution of yellowfin tuna catches in 2010. The catch amount in 2010 was considered as the dependent variable, while the environmental parameters from 2005 were considered as independent variables. The model was trained using 70% of the data and the remaining data was used for testing. The quality of the model was evaluated using the coefficient of determination and the root mean square error. The study found that the model had poor predictive ability and that rule-based fuzzy models are not recommended for predicting yellowfin tuna catches in the Indian Ocean. However, the isotherm layer depth of 20 °C was identified as the most important environmental parameter in predicting yellowfin tuna catches.To improve the catch status of tuna fishing fleets, it is necessary to identify suitable fishing grounds for these fish. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the catchability of yellowfin tuna over the next five years using a rule-based fuzzy system model. To determine the predicted location for the highest catch in the Indian Ocean region 51, data on Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna were obtained from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). The model was constructed using environmental parameters from 2005 and the spatial distribution of yellowfin tuna catches in 2010. The catch amount in 2010 was considered as the dependent variable, while the environmental parameters from 2005 were considered as independent variables. The model was trained using 70% of the data and the remaining data was used for testing. The quality of the model was evaluated using the coefficient of determination and the root mean square error. The study found that the model had poor predictive ability and that rule-based fuzzy models are not recommended for predicting yellowfin tuna catches in the Indian Ocean. However, the isotherm layer depth of 20 °C was identified as the most important environmental parameter in predicting yellowfin tuna catches.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_178513_8b47b52265e6e7b3a104fffabda3c107.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Effects of using Chironomid larvae and Artemia biomass on growth performance and body composition of juvenile Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis ) during adaptation to formulated dietEffects of using Chironomid larvae and Artemia biomass on growth performance and body composition of juvenile Eurasian perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i> ) during adaptation to formulated diet163173180465FABahram FalahatkarFisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.Faezeh MortezaeiFisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.Vahid AbediniFisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.Mehdi RahmatiDr. Yousefpour Marine Fishes Restocking and Genetic Conservation Center, Siahkal, Guilan, Iran.Journal Article20230627The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding with different types and combinations of live feeds on the performance of juvenile Eurasian perch (<em>Perca</em> <em>fluviatilis</em>) during the transition to a formulated diet. The experiment was performed in two phases. Fish (average body weight of 7.26±0.00 g and average body length of 8.47 ± 0.12 cm) first fed three live feeds including frozen Chironomid larvae (CH), frozen Artemia biomass (A) and the combination of CH+A (M) in 11 days. Fish were then transited to formulated diet during days 12-30. At the end of each two-phase, growth indices and whole body chemical composition (percentage of crude protein, crude lipid, moisture, and ash) were analyzed. No significant differences were detected in final weight or other growth indices (<em>P</em>>0.05). The survival rate showed no significant difference in CH (97.27±0.91%), A (95.46±0.91%), and M (97.28±2.73%) groups (<em>P</em>>0.05). There was also no significant difference among the groups in term of moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents (<em>P</em>>0.05); however, the protein content was significantly higher in CH (18.18±0.05%) than M (15.75±0.52%) (<em>P</em><0.05). According to the obtained results, administration of frozen Chironomid larvae alone is recommended to the adaptation of Eurasian perch to the formulated diet, due to positive effects on survivability, growth rate and enhancing whole-body protein content.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding with different types and combinations of live feeds on the performance of juvenile Eurasian perch (<em>Perca</em> <em>fluviatilis</em>) during the transition to a formulated diet. The experiment was performed in two phases. Fish (average body weight of 7.26±0.00 g and average body length of 8.47 ± 0.12 cm) first fed three live feeds including frozen Chironomid larvae (CH), frozen Artemia biomass (A) and the combination of CH+A (M) in 11 days. Fish were then transited to formulated diet during days 12-30. At the end of each two-phase, growth indices and whole body chemical composition (percentage of crude protein, crude lipid, moisture, and ash) were analyzed. No significant differences were detected in final weight or other growth indices (<em>P</em>>0.05). The survival rate showed no significant difference in CH (97.27±0.91%), A (95.46±0.91%), and M (97.28±2.73%) groups (<em>P</em>>0.05). There was also no significant difference among the groups in term of moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents (<em>P</em>>0.05); however, the protein content was significantly higher in CH (18.18±0.05%) than M (15.75±0.52%) (<em>P</em><0.05). According to the obtained results, administration of frozen Chironomid larvae alone is recommended to the adaptation of Eurasian perch to the formulated diet, due to positive effects on survivability, growth rate and enhancing whole-body protein content.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_180465_738941d486dfb68c9eca0b4e507a736d.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Evaluation of proximate composition of farmed fish supplied to Karaj fish marketEvaluation of proximate composition of farmed fish supplied to Karaj fish market174184180278FASeyed Vali HosseiniDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20230326Fishes are one of the most important food sources of human societies, and they have significant contributions in providing some macronutrient and micronutrient compounds for humans. They have differences in terms of the presence of such valuable compounds, whose amounts are different among different species of fish and determine the desired aquatic nutritional value. In the present study, macronutrient compounds (moisture, protein, lipid, and ash) in the edible part (muscle) of six species of the most abundant farmed fish available in the market of Karaj metropolis were evaluated using the AOAC method. For this purpose, the experimental fishes (including Silver carp, <em>Hypophthalmichthys</em> <em>molitrix</em>; Common carp, <em>Cyprinus</em> <em>carpio</em>; Grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon</em> <em>idella</em>, Big head, <em>Hypophthalmichthys</em> <em>nobilis</em>; Tilapia, <em>Oreochromis</em> <em>niloticus</em> and Rainbow trout, <em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>) were purchased from Karaj fish market and taken to the laboratory. The results showed no significant differences in protein and ash content among the studied fish species (<em>P</em>>0.05), but there were differences in the moisture and lipid between experimental species, so in terms of lipid and moisture content, rainbow trout had the highest and lowest values, respectively (<em>P</em>≤0.05). Based on the results, despite the difference in the number of macronutrient compounds in the investigated species, the farmed fish offered to the Karaj fishmongers market have good nutritional value, and their consumption is recommended.Fishes are one of the most important food sources of human societies, and they have significant contributions in providing some macronutrient and micronutrient compounds for humans. They have differences in terms of the presence of such valuable compounds, whose amounts are different among different species of fish and determine the desired aquatic nutritional value. In the present study, macronutrient compounds (moisture, protein, lipid, and ash) in the edible part (muscle) of six species of the most abundant farmed fish available in the market of Karaj metropolis were evaluated using the AOAC method. For this purpose, the experimental fishes (including Silver carp, <em>Hypophthalmichthys</em> <em>molitrix</em>; Common carp, <em>Cyprinus</em> <em>carpio</em>; Grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon</em> <em>idella</em>, Big head, <em>Hypophthalmichthys</em> <em>nobilis</em>; Tilapia, <em>Oreochromis</em> <em>niloticus</em> and Rainbow trout, <em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>) were purchased from Karaj fish market and taken to the laboratory. The results showed no significant differences in protein and ash content among the studied fish species (<em>P</em>>0.05), but there were differences in the moisture and lipid between experimental species, so in terms of lipid and moisture content, rainbow trout had the highest and lowest values, respectively (<em>P</em>≤0.05). Based on the results, despite the difference in the number of macronutrient compounds in the investigated species, the farmed fish offered to the Karaj fishmongers market have good nutritional value, and their consumption is recommended.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_180278_b5686c5e40bd5f2ea10a14484e174aca.pdfانجمن آبزی پروری ایرانAquaculture Sciences2322-535111120230321Ichthyodiversity and abundance of fishes in Masule River, the southern Caspian Sea basinIchthyodiversity and abundance of fishes in Masule River, the southern Caspian Sea basin185197181066FAHamed Mousavi-SabetDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran.0000-0002-2810-8924Ekaterina D. Vasil’evaZoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.Soheil EagderiDepartment, of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.Victor P. Vasil’evSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.Saber VatandoustDepartment of Aquaculture, Babol branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.Keivan Abbasi RanjbarIranian Fisheries Sciences Research, Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Iran.0000-0001-5095-2905Journal Article20230405Biodiversity conservation is one of the global concerns, so the comprehensive study of diversity and its possible risks are recognized as a tool for natural resource management. This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and abundance of fishes in the Masule River, the southern Caspian Sea basin. Samplings were carried out seasonally during 2021-2022 using an electrofishing device in 5 sampling sites from 7 km below Masule City to Chamesghal. A total of 20 fish species belonging to 11 families were identified, and the Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae families were the most diverse with 6 and 4 species, respectively. Of these, 15 native species and 5 exotic species were found, and in terms of habitats, 16 freshwater, 2 migratory, and 2 species with two forms living in the Sea and River were found in the studied area. The fish species abundance from upstream to downstream increased from 5 to 16 species. Also, their abundance fluctuated according to the sampling sites in different seasons and these fluctuations existed to a lesser extent between the sites in the whole period. Generally, <em>Capoeta razii</em>, <em>Alburnoides samiii</em>, and <em>Ponticola iranicus</em> accounted for the highest numbers, 31.3, 26.2, and 25.4%, respectively. In conclusion, this river has a small variety of migratory fish species, and it is suggested to make a fishway, especially on the Lulman Dam, so that the migratory fishes can regenerate their generation naturally.Biodiversity conservation is one of the global concerns, so the comprehensive study of diversity and its possible risks are recognized as a tool for natural resource management. This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and abundance of fishes in the Masule River, the southern Caspian Sea basin. Samplings were carried out seasonally during 2021-2022 using an electrofishing device in 5 sampling sites from 7 km below Masule City to Chamesghal. A total of 20 fish species belonging to 11 families were identified, and the Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae families were the most diverse with 6 and 4 species, respectively. Of these, 15 native species and 5 exotic species were found, and in terms of habitats, 16 freshwater, 2 migratory, and 2 species with two forms living in the Sea and River were found in the studied area. The fish species abundance from upstream to downstream increased from 5 to 16 species. Also, their abundance fluctuated according to the sampling sites in different seasons and these fluctuations existed to a lesser extent between the sites in the whole period. Generally, <em>Capoeta razii</em>, <em>Alburnoides samiii</em>, and <em>Ponticola iranicus</em> accounted for the highest numbers, 31.3, 26.2, and 25.4%, respectively. In conclusion, this river has a small variety of migratory fish species, and it is suggested to make a fishway, especially on the Lulman Dam, so that the migratory fishes can regenerate their generation naturally.http://www.aquaculturesciences.ir/article_181066_ed5cb1b220a0781c6b4f7f9f9fd5cf47.pdf